Friday, 30 September 2016

Driverless cars: the new castles in the air?

Driverless cars: the new castles in the air?

Driverless cars are only one step ahead, or so it seems. They are already being used as prototypes and tested in entire streets and towns in the US. Big companies specialized in new technologies (Google, Apple, Uber, Baidu, etc.) already imagine the numerous changes such an innovation could bring to our life and the benefits they would get from it whereas traditional car manufacturers look at these driverless vehicles with caution if not fear.


As a matter of fact, a driverless car is not only an innovation in terms of technology. The whole turmoil about it is that it could revolutionize our perception of cars and property, time management during transit times, space organization in the car itself, etc. Indeed, who would need a personal car if most people were using the same Uber driverless cars as taxis, gaining huge amounts of time by not having to worry about traffic jams or simply drive? The way Google and Uber see the future of personal transportation would turn what we consider as personal property (cars) in a service whose handle would be left for big companies to take care of. As a result, the companies in charge of such a network and collected data would have access to more direct knowledge and control over people’s habits and life.

Not only would individuals be changed by such an innovation : our whole public space would have to be reorganized and thought in different ways as the amount of space attributed to cars (parking, road, etc.) would drastically decrease. This could lead to a global urban revolution in which economic and environmental opportunities would be numerous. For instance, one could imagine less populated city centers thanks to the new distance one could accept between his workplace and his own living space. In that case, cities would be less polluted and more spread.

However, companies’ enthusiasm and eagerness to implement this service must not hide the fact that several issues remain unaddressed by prototypes and laws. Since no manmade program is flawless, one may ask himself what would happen if an accident takes place. Recent tests in actual towns already resulted in one of these driverless cars bumping into a bus. What then? Who is to blame regarding the law? Is it the programmer’s fault who did not notice the bug when running the program? Is it the town authorities’ fault for allowing the device to be implemented and tested? Is it the company’s fault for testing &/or selling this service? As of today, no answer has been given to this question and many among the insurance business say that there is no practical solution to these issues. As long as no human life is at stake, such an issue remains trivial: “who is going to pay for the car damages?” Yet, the question gets tougher and more serious if a mother asks “who is to blame for my 4 year old daughter’s death?”

Moreover, the perspective of giving away our very habits and position at any time given is still shocking to many people; whether they realize smartphones already allow companies which produce them to have an easy access to this data is not relevant. Therefore, such a service has to be cautious in the way it is presented to the public as it can easily be seen as a breach of individual privacy. Nevertheless one may argue the same argument was already pushed forward about smartphones without preventing people from massively adopting the newest devices.

Last but not least, the macroeconomic effects of this service development and implementation are still difficult to assess since it is not clear what role the traditional car industry would hold to in that case. From massive unemployment to a complete renewal of an old industry, all options remain open. As of today, car manufacturers tend to assimilate and intertwine their R&D with new technologies, especially regarding connected devices in car.

To conclude, it is easy to imagine all the advantages such a seductive innovation could represent for people in their everyday life and how companies could take advantage of it. Yet, many practical issues still stand in the way of driverless cars, among which some seem very far from being solved.

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