Tuesday, 1 December 2015

What is viral marketing?


The viral marketing is an effective tool in these days, where millions of online content is being shared everyday. It is a type of marketing, that some refers to it as a virus since the concept is to share and share fast, through the Internet. It is all about spreading and by that create awareness. As described on Dictionary.com viral marketing is: “A marketing strategy that focuses on spreading information and opinions about a product or service from person to person, especially by using unconventional means such as the Internet or email.” (dictionary.reference.com) 

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The positive thing about the viral marketing is the possibility of very much attention in very short time! But the content has to be catchy in order to work, since people have to be willing to share it. As the entrepreneur.com puts it, the most important thing is that the campaigns have triggers that get people sharing and talking. Something catchy can for example be a word, a phrase or song that is easy to remember and will spread by word-of-mouth, also. And the number 1 key ingredient in digital marketing campaigns is fear, sex and fun. (Gregory Pouy, 2011.) So it is also important to think about which feelings, to appeal to. It is no news really that funny things and sex appeal to us, but as professor Jonah Berger, author of “Contagious: Why Things Catch On,” puts it, “When we care, we share.” (helpscout.com) – So, it can turn out very valuable to try and also “catch” the stronger emotions. This table shows which emotions is most likely to catch our attention:

Table 1

An example of a successful viral marketing campaign is from Dove and is based on their broad campaign, “Real Beauty.” This campaign is catchy because of the women and awake some emotions, such as anger, since it is focusing on the woman figure and the modern world’s representation of slim, perfect bodies that are not really realistic. The campaign generated close to 3.8 million shares in the first month.  

It can be difficult to create viral campaigns and companies can believe that they created a campaign, that is going to spread easily and catch a lot of attention – and then the opposite happens. Spiceworks.com provides an example of a viral marketing campaign gone wrong: “A 2013 campaign be Kellogg’s in the UK drew appropriate criticism for this post: “1RT=1 breakfast for a vulnerable child” as part of a Give a Child a Breakfast campaign. So if the message isn’t tweeted enough, the kids will starve?” so companies has to be careful – you want an reaction and reach people’s emotions, but you do not want to be offended and provoke by you as a company.

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What is so interesting about the viral marketing is that, of course companies has to be aware of technology and making the medium easy to transfer or share, but what is more important is to understand the psychology behind the sharing process. As mentioned before, when some specific emotions are trigged, the campaign will have a better chance of being shared. But also, people are social and in the modern world of social media where for example facebook, twitter, youtube etc. has become a tool to expressing who you are, what you stand for, like and so on, it is very important to think about which social key drivers is relevant in the viral marketing.

Jonah Berger has identified six key drivers, that are very useful, and called them STEPPS – it is the Social currency (what we share has contain something that makes us look good to those around us), Triggers (has to be easy to remember, so it stays at the top of our mind,) Emotion (stay true to our brand and have the feelings of our receiver in mind, “talk” to them,) Social (people identify what they see others do or share,) Practical value (our campaign has to be relevant for the time being) and Stories (it should reinforce the story of your brand.)

So if a company manage to understand the technological and psychological tools and elements of the viral marketing, it can turn out very efficient and they can acquire a lot of attention in short time and at a low price, compared to the number of people who will share and see the campaign. 

Written By Camilla Sønnichsen and Benedicte Hurlen

References:
(Gregory Pouy, 2011)- Mady Keup, PowerPoint, SKEMA 2015.
dictionary.reference.com








1 comment:

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